A landlord may be exempt from RPZ rent limits after a substantial change to the nature of a rental property, but ordinary redecoration, repairs or replacing fixtures will not usually be enough. The works generally need to meet statutory criteria, such as significant changes to the layout, floor area, number of rooms, accessibility or energy rating. If relying on this exemption, the landlord must follow the rent-increase notice rules and provide the required information and supporting evidence. Whether the exemption applies in a particular case can ultimately be decided by the RTB, so check its current guidance or seek legal advice.